We have seen growing interest in matters of security and defence, and have started to see them in different terms. The return of high-intensity war to European soil and the spectre of a confrontation with a major power (moreover, with a nuclear dimension) means security and defence are once again being primarily thought of in terms of dissuasion and territorial defence. The armed forces have been primarily seen as a tool for projecting stability beyond national, European or NATO territories, and primarily in terms of low- to medium-intensity combat. Such operations have generally been associated with peacekeeping, stabilisation and the fight against terrorism in places like Afghanistan, Iraq, Africa and the Balkans. Over the last three decades, debates on security and defence in Spain and Europe have centred on crisis management operations abroad. Īt the same time, the growing political and social interest in security and defence has been accompanied by a change of tack on these issues. The rise in military spending across the continent is testament to the change that is taking place. However, the outbreak of a high-intensity war on European soil, which has now dragged on for more than eight months, has seen a sharp rise in interest in security and defence matters, both at the political level and in terms of information. Over the last three decades, since the end of the Cold War, security and defence have occupied a somewhat marginal position in the minds of the (Western) European and Spanish political classes, as well as in public debate more broadly. The war in Ukraine has exposed the growing political relevance –and even centrality– of issues related to security and defence in Spain and Europe. While such a contribution would generally be indirect, it would nonetheless be strategically and politically significant. Given the primacy of NATO in these areas, this analysis highlights the potential of certain EU tools in the fields of capability development, technology and arms procurement in order to strengthen its contribution to dissuasion and territorial defence. This analysis examines the potential implications of the war in Ukraine for the EU’s security and defence policy, particularly the need to shift from a paradigm of crisis management operations abroad to an approach based on territorial defence and dissuasion. How will the war in Ukraine reshape the EU’s defence policy? Summary
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